Integrand size = 21, antiderivative size = 223 \[ \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {e \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {x \left (d+f-(d-2 f) x^2\right )}{12 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}+\frac {e \left (1+2 x^2\right )}{6 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}+\frac {x \left (2 d+3 f-7 (d-f) x^2\right )}{24 \left (1+x^2+x^4\right )}-\frac {(13 d+2 f) \arctan \left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {(13 d+2 f) \arctan \left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{48 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 e \arctan \left (\frac {1+2 x^2}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{32} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (1+x+x^2\right ) \]
1/12*e*(2*x^2+1)/(x^4+x^2+1)^2+1/12*x*(d+f-(d-2*f)*x^2)/(x^4+x^2+1)^2+1/6* e*(2*x^2+1)/(x^4+x^2+1)+1/24*x*(2*d+3*f-7*(d-f)*x^2)/(x^4+x^2+1)-1/32*(9*d -4*f)*ln(x^2-x+1)+1/32*(9*d-4*f)*ln(x^2+x+1)-1/144*(13*d+2*f)*arctan(1/3*( 1-2*x)*3^(1/2))*3^(1/2)+1/144*(13*d+2*f)*arctan(1/3*(1+2*x)*3^(1/2))*3^(1/ 2)+2/9*e*arctan(1/3*(2*x^2+1)*3^(1/2))*3^(1/2)
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.39 (sec) , antiderivative size = 235, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.05 \[ \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {1}{144} \left (\frac {6 \left (2 d x+3 f x-7 d x^3+7 f x^3+e \left (4+8 x^2\right )\right )}{1+x^2+x^4}+\frac {12 \left (e+2 e x^2+x \left (d+f-d x^2+2 f x^2\right )\right )}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^2}-\frac {\left (\left (-47 i+7 \sqrt {3}\right ) d+\left (17 i-7 \sqrt {3}\right ) f\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (-i+\sqrt {3}\right ) x\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-\frac {\left (\left (47 i+7 \sqrt {3}\right ) d-\left (17 i+7 \sqrt {3}\right ) f\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (i+\sqrt {3}\right ) x\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{6} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}-32 \sqrt {3} e \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}}{1+2 x^2}\right )\right ) \]
((6*(2*d*x + 3*f*x - 7*d*x^3 + 7*f*x^3 + e*(4 + 8*x^2)))/(1 + x^2 + x^4) + (12*(e + 2*e*x^2 + x*(d + f - d*x^2 + 2*f*x^2)))/(1 + x^2 + x^4)^2 - (((- 47*I + 7*Sqrt[3])*d + (17*I - 7*Sqrt[3])*f)*ArcTan[((-I + Sqrt[3])*x)/2])/ Sqrt[(1 + I*Sqrt[3])/6] - (((47*I + 7*Sqrt[3])*d - (17*I + 7*Sqrt[3])*f)*A rcTan[((I + Sqrt[3])*x)/2])/Sqrt[(1 - I*Sqrt[3])/6] - 32*Sqrt[3]*e*ArcTan[ Sqrt[3]/(1 + 2*x^2)])/144
Time = 0.56 (sec) , antiderivative size = 240, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.08, number of steps used = 17, number of rules used = 16, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.762, Rules used = {2202, 27, 1432, 1086, 1086, 1083, 217, 1492, 1492, 27, 1483, 1142, 25, 1083, 217, 1103}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2202 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {f x^2+d}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx+\int \frac {e x}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {f x^2+d}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx+e \int \frac {x}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1432 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {f x^2+d}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx+\frac {1}{2} e \int \frac {1}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx^2\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1086 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {f x^2+d}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\int \frac {1}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}dx^2+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1086 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {f x^2+d}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {1}{x^4+x^2+1}dx^2+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1083 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {f x^2+d}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx+\frac {1}{2} e \left (-\frac {4}{3} \int \frac {1}{-x^4-3}d\left (2 x^2+1\right )+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {f x^2+d}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^3}dx+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1492 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \int \frac {-5 (d-2 f) x^2+11 d-f}{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}dx+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1492 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{6} \int \frac {3 \left (5 (4 d-f)-7 (d-f) x^2\right )}{x^4+x^2+1}dx+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {5 (4 d-f)-7 (d-f) x^2}{x^4+x^2+1}dx+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1483 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {5 (4 d-f)-3 (9 d-4 f) x}{x^2-x+1}dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {5 (4 d-f)+3 (9 d-4 f) x}{x^2+x+1}dx\right )+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1142 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} (13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{x^2-x+1}dx-\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int -\frac {1-2 x}{x^2-x+1}dx\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} (13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{x^2+x+1}dx+\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {2 x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx\right )\right )+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} (13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{x^2-x+1}dx+\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {1-2 x}{x^2-x+1}dx\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} (13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{x^2+x+1}dx+\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {2 x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx\right )\right )+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1083 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {1-2 x}{x^2-x+1}dx-(13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{-(2 x-1)^2-3}d(2 x-1)\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {2 x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx-(13 d+2 f) \int \frac {1}{-(2 x+1)^2-3}d(2 x+1)\right )\right )+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {1-2 x}{x^2-x+1}dx+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x-1}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) (13 d+2 f)}{\sqrt {3}}\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \int \frac {2 x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) (13 d+2 f)}{\sqrt {3}}\right )\right )+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1103 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{12} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x-1}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) (13 d+2 f)}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )\right )+\frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right ) (13 d+2 f)}{\sqrt {3}}+\frac {3}{2} (9 d-4 f) \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )\right )\right )+\frac {x \left (-7 x^2 (d-f)+2 d+3 f\right )}{2 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}\right )+\frac {1}{2} e \left (\frac {4 \arctan \left (\frac {2 x^2+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{3 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}+\frac {2 x^2+1}{6 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\right )+\frac {x \left (-\left (x^2 (d-2 f)\right )+d+f\right )}{12 \left (x^4+x^2+1\right )^2}\) |
(x*(d + f - (d - 2*f)*x^2))/(12*(1 + x^2 + x^4)^2) + (e*((1 + 2*x^2)/(6*(1 + x^2 + x^4)^2) + (1 + 2*x^2)/(3*(1 + x^2 + x^4)) + (4*ArcTan[(1 + 2*x^2) /Sqrt[3]])/(3*Sqrt[3])))/2 + ((x*(2*d + 3*f - 7*(d - f)*x^2))/(2*(1 + x^2 + x^4)) + ((((13*d + 2*f)*ArcTan[(-1 + 2*x)/Sqrt[3]])/Sqrt[3] - (3*(9*d - 4*f)*Log[1 - x + x^2])/2)/2 + (((13*d + 2*f)*ArcTan[(1 + 2*x)/Sqrt[3]])/Sq rt[3] + (3*(9*d - 4*f)*Log[1 + x + x^2])/2)/2)/2)/12
3.1.48.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-2 Subst[I nt[1/Simp[b^2 - 4*a*c - x^2, x], x], x, b + 2*c*x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(b + 2*c*x) *((a + b*x + c*x^2)^(p + 1)/((p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c))), x] - Simp[2*c*((2*p + 3)/((p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c))) Int[(a + b*x + c*x^2)^(p + 1), x], x] /; Fre eQ[{a, b, c}, x] && ILtQ[p, -1]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x + c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]
Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c) Int[1/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Simp[e/(2*c) Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x]
Int[(x_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/2 Subst[Int[(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x, x^2], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] : > With[{q = Rt[a/c, 2]}, With[{r = Rt[2*q - b/c, 2]}, Simp[1/(2*c*q*r) In t[(d*r - (d - e*q)*x)/(q - r*x + x^2), x], x] + Simp[1/(2*c*q*r) Int[(d*r + (d - e*q)*x)/(q + r*x + x^2), x], x]]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && N eQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] && NegQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symb ol] :> Simp[x*(a*b*e - d*(b^2 - 2*a*c) - c*(b*d - 2*a*e)*x^2)*((a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1)/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c))), x] + Simp[1/(2*a*(p + 1)*(b^2 - 4*a*c)) Int[Simp[(2*p + 3)*d*b^2 - a*b*e - 2*a*c*d*(4*p + 5) + (4*p + 7)*(d*b - 2*a*e)*c*x^2, x]*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] && LtQ[p, -1] && IntegerQ[2*p]
Int[(Pn_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Module[{n = Expon[Pn, x], k}, Int[Sum[Coeff[Pn, x, 2*k]*x^(2*k), {k, 0, n/2}]*(a + b *x^2 + c*x^4)^p, x] + Int[x*Sum[Coeff[Pn, x, 2*k + 1]*x^(2*k), {k, 0, (n - 1)/2}]*(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)^p, x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && PolyQ[Pn, x] && !PolyQ[Pn, x^2]
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 202, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.91
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {\left (\frac {7 d}{3}-\frac {7 f}{3}-\frac {4 e}{3}\right ) x^{3}+\left (-6 d +4 f \right ) x^{2}+\left (\frac {20 d}{3}-\frac {13 f}{3}+\frac {e}{3}\right ) x -4 d +\frac {4 f}{3}-2 e}{16 \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )^{2}}-\frac {\left (27 d -12 f \right ) \ln \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}{96}-\frac {\left (-\frac {13 d}{2}-16 e -f \right ) \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{72}+\frac {\left (-\frac {7 d}{3}+\frac {7 f}{3}-\frac {4 e}{3}\right ) x^{3}+\left (-6 d +4 f \right ) x^{2}+\left (-\frac {20 d}{3}+\frac {13 f}{3}+\frac {e}{3}\right ) x -4 d +\frac {4 f}{3}+2 e}{16 \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )^{2}}+\frac {\left (27 d -12 f \right ) \ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{96}+\frac {\left (\frac {13 d}{2}-16 e +f \right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\left (1+2 x \right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{72}\) | \(202\) |
risch | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(8277\) |
-1/16*((7/3*d-7/3*f-4/3*e)*x^3+(-6*d+4*f)*x^2+(20/3*d-13/3*f+1/3*e)*x-4*d+ 4/3*f-2*e)/(x^2-x+1)^2-1/96*(27*d-12*f)*ln(x^2-x+1)-1/72*(-13/2*d-16*e-f)* 3^(1/2)*arctan(1/3*(2*x-1)*3^(1/2))+1/16*((-7/3*d+7/3*f-4/3*e)*x^3+(-6*d+4 *f)*x^2+(-20/3*d+13/3*f+1/3*e)*x-4*d+4/3*f+2*e)/(x^2+x+1)^2+1/96*(27*d-12* f)*ln(x^2+x+1)+1/72*(13/2*d-16*e+f)*arctan(1/3*(1+2*x)*3^(1/2))*3^(1/2)
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 384, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.72 \[ \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx=-\frac {84 \, {\left (d - f\right )} x^{7} - 96 \, e x^{6} + 60 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{5} - 144 \, e x^{4} + 84 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{3} - 192 \, e x^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left ({\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{2} + 13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt {3} {\left ({\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} x^{2} + 13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - 12 \, {\left (4 \, d + 5 \, f\right )} x - 9 \, {\left ({\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{2} + 9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + 9 \, {\left ({\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{6} + 3 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} x^{2} + 9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - 72 \, e}{288 \, {\left (x^{8} + 2 \, x^{6} + 3 \, x^{4} + 2 \, x^{2} + 1\right )}} \]
-1/288*(84*(d - f)*x^7 - 96*e*x^6 + 60*(d - 2*f)*x^5 - 144*e*x^4 + 84*(d - 2*f)*x^3 - 192*e*x^2 - 2*sqrt(3)*((13*d - 32*e + 2*f)*x^8 + 2*(13*d - 32* e + 2*f)*x^6 + 3*(13*d - 32*e + 2*f)*x^4 + 2*(13*d - 32*e + 2*f)*x^2 + 13* d - 32*e + 2*f)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + 1)) - 2*sqrt(3)*((13*d + 32*e + 2*f)*x^8 + 2*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)*x^6 + 3*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)*x^4 + 2*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)*x^2 + 13*d + 32*e + 2*f)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x - 1)) - 12 *(4*d + 5*f)*x - 9*((9*d - 4*f)*x^8 + 2*(9*d - 4*f)*x^6 + 3*(9*d - 4*f)*x^ 4 + 2*(9*d - 4*f)*x^2 + 9*d - 4*f)*log(x^2 + x + 1) + 9*((9*d - 4*f)*x^8 + 2*(9*d - 4*f)*x^6 + 3*(9*d - 4*f)*x^4 + 2*(9*d - 4*f)*x^2 + 9*d - 4*f)*lo g(x^2 - x + 1) - 72*e)/(x^8 + 2*x^6 + 3*x^4 + 2*x^2 + 1)
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 138.76 (sec) , antiderivative size = 4496, normalized size of antiderivative = 20.16 \[ \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288)*log(x + (-1025428432*d **5*e - 334752912*d**5*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) + 2008961360*d**4*e*f + 1151575920*d**4*f*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13* d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) - 431308800*d**3*e**3 - 3143688192*d**3*e**2*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) - 1598857120*d**3*e*f**2 + 991 7005824*d**3*e*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288)**2 - 94 4300160*d**3*f**2*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) + 11 878244352*d**3*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288)**3 + 23 3164800*d**2*e**3*f + 4409634816*d**2*e**2*f*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(1 3*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) + 662937520*d**2*e*f**3 - 13004623872*d**2*e*f*(-9* d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288)**2 + 231796080*d**2*f**3*( -9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) - 10089639936*d**2*f*(- 9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288)**3 + 142606336*d*e**5 + 754974720*d*e**4*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) - 184 3200*d*e**3*f**2 + 3850371072*d*e**3*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32 *e + 2*f)/288)**2 - 1926291456*d*e**2*f**2*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13* d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) + 20384317440*d*e**2*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288)**3 - 146756960*d*e*f**4 + 5813379072*d*e*f**2*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288)**2 + 12679200*d*f**4*(-9*d/32 + f/8 - sqrt(3)*I*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)/288) + 1116758016*d*f**2*(-9*d/32...
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 173, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.78 \[ \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {7 \, {\left (d - f\right )} x^{7} - 8 \, e x^{6} + 5 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{5} - 12 \, e x^{4} + 7 \, {\left (d - 2 \, f\right )} x^{3} - 16 \, e x^{2} - {\left (4 \, d + 5 \, f\right )} x - 6 \, e}{24 \, {\left (x^{8} + 2 \, x^{6} + 3 \, x^{4} + 2 \, x^{2} + 1\right )}} \]
1/144*sqrt(3)*(13*d - 32*e + 2*f)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + 1)) + 1/144*sq rt(3)*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x - 1)) + 1/32*(9*d - 4*f) *log(x^2 + x + 1) - 1/32*(9*d - 4*f)*log(x^2 - x + 1) - 1/24*(7*(d - f)*x^ 7 - 8*e*x^6 + 5*(d - 2*f)*x^5 - 12*e*x^4 + 7*(d - 2*f)*x^3 - 16*e*x^2 - (4 *d + 5*f)*x - 6*e)/(x^8 + 2*x^6 + 3*x^4 + 2*x^2 + 1)
Time = 0.33 (sec) , antiderivative size = 165, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.74 \[ \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d - 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{144} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (13 \, d + 32 \, e + 2 \, f\right )} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{32} \, {\left (9 \, d - 4 \, f\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - \frac {7 \, d x^{7} - 7 \, f x^{7} - 8 \, e x^{6} + 5 \, d x^{5} - 10 \, f x^{5} - 12 \, e x^{4} + 7 \, d x^{3} - 14 \, f x^{3} - 16 \, e x^{2} - 4 \, d x - 5 \, f x - 6 \, e}{24 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{2}} \]
1/144*sqrt(3)*(13*d - 32*e + 2*f)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + 1)) + 1/144*sq rt(3)*(13*d + 32*e + 2*f)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x - 1)) + 1/32*(9*d - 4*f) *log(x^2 + x + 1) - 1/32*(9*d - 4*f)*log(x^2 - x + 1) - 1/24*(7*d*x^7 - 7* f*x^7 - 8*e*x^6 + 5*d*x^5 - 10*f*x^5 - 12*e*x^4 + 7*d*x^3 - 14*f*x^3 - 16* e*x^2 - 4*d*x - 5*f*x - 6*e)/(x^4 + x^2 + 1)^2
Time = 7.97 (sec) , antiderivative size = 249, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.12 \[ \int \frac {d+e x+f x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {\left (\frac {7\,f}{24}-\frac {7\,d}{24}\right )\,x^7+\frac {e\,x^6}{3}+\left (\frac {5\,f}{12}-\frac {5\,d}{24}\right )\,x^5+\frac {e\,x^4}{2}+\left (\frac {7\,f}{12}-\frac {7\,d}{24}\right )\,x^3+\frac {2\,e\,x^2}{3}+\left (\frac {d}{6}+\frac {5\,f}{24}\right )\,x+\frac {e}{4}}{x^8+2\,x^6+3\,x^4+2\,x^2+1}-\ln \left (x-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {9\,d}{32}-\frac {f}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}\right )-\ln \left (x+\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {f}{8}-\frac {9\,d}{32}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}\right )+\ln \left (x-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {f}{8}-\frac {9\,d}{32}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}\right )+\ln \left (x+\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {9\,d}{32}-\frac {f}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,d\,13{}\mathrm {i}}{288}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,e\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{9}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,f\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{144}\right ) \]
(e/4 - x^5*((5*d)/24 - (5*f)/12) - x^3*((7*d)/24 - (7*f)/12) - x^7*((7*d)/ 24 - (7*f)/24) + (2*e*x^2)/3 + (e*x^4)/2 + (e*x^6)/3 + x*(d/6 + (5*f)/24)) /(2*x^2 + 3*x^4 + 2*x^6 + x^8 + 1) - log(x - (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((9*d)/ 32 - f/8 + (3^(1/2)*d*13i)/288 + (3^(1/2)*e*1i)/9 + (3^(1/2)*f*1i)/144) - log(x - (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2)*(f/8 - (9*d)/32 + (3^(1/2)*d*13i)/288 - (3^( 1/2)*e*1i)/9 + (3^(1/2)*f*1i)/144) + log(x + (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*(f/8 - (9*d)/32 + (3^(1/2)*d*13i)/288 + (3^(1/2)*e*1i)/9 + (3^(1/2)*f*1i)/144) + log(x + (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2)*((9*d)/32 - f/8 + (3^(1/2)*d*13i)/288 - (3^( 1/2)*e*1i)/9 + (3^(1/2)*f*1i)/144)